{"id":39064,"date":"2022-03-25T10:33:41","date_gmt":"2022-03-25T02:33:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/?p=39064"},"modified":"2026-03-26T17:18:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T09:18:44","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/reference\/trumpet-reference\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>Glossary for the Trumpet<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">&amp; | The ampersand (&amp;) is generally used in informal contexts or in specific instances such as company names or titles (eg, \u201cJohnson &amp; Johnson), abbreviations (eg, \u201cR&amp;D\u201d), certain expressions, titles, or citations (eg, \u201cRomeo &amp; Juliet\u201d). In formal writing, \u201cand\u201d is preferred over the ampersand<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">air conditioning | Two words without a hyphen. Avoid the informal &#8220;air con&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">alumni | Alumnae (plural form for female former students or graduates; singular, alumna) and alumni (male former students or former students or graduates in general; singular, alumnus). This is the body of men and women who have completed their studies at TTC. For now, we avoid the gender-neutral but informal terms: alum and alums<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Bible | It&#8217;s the Bible with an upper-case B<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Biblical studies | Biblical studies is treated as a singular field or subject<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Bishop | Use in full, always<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">car park | Car park, not carpark. Car parking but never carparking. A car park, the entire space or structure, is one parking lot. A parking lot has many parking spaces or parking spots, but is just one lot. The use of lots for parking spots is Singlish. Yes, it is used in official communications in Singapore, but it is still Singlish, or a form of non-standard English<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">CCC&amp;TSPM | The China Christian Council (\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u534f\u4f1a) <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">and the Three-Self Patriotic Movement of the Protestant Churches in China (<\/span><\/span>\u4e09\u81ea\u7231\u56fd\u8fd0\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">) are abbreviated as CCC&amp;TSPM (\u5168\u56fd\u4e24\u4f1a), without spaces<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">circuit breaker | Yes, it had a big impact on our lives, but there&#8217;s no need for the capital letters<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">city-state | Hyphenated<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">cooperation | Not hyphenated<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">country names| the United States. the United Kingdom, the European Union, and the United Arab Emirates for the first mention in an article (and a boxed story or sidebar which is an article within an article)<br \/>\nSubsequently, use the respective abbreviations, ie, the US, the UK, the EU and the UAE<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Covid-19, not COVID-19<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">e-book, not ebook or eBook<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">eg, | End the abbreviation of <em>exempli gratia<\/em> with a comma; no full stop needed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">email | No hyphen. For the electronic computer messaging system, email (mass noun, no plural). As individual messages, emails<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">EQUIP | The name of TTC&#8217;s lay training initiative is in all caps<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">ETHOS Institute | The ETHOS of ETHOS Institute for Public Christianity or ETHOS Institute is in all caps. Cite without a definitive article, so it&#8217;s just ETHOS Institute <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">everyday and every day | They are not the same. Everyday (adjective) events don&#8217;t happen every day (each day)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">FaceTime and FaceTiming | Note the capitalisation of this proprietary video and audio calling service developed by Apple<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">faculty | A collective noun. We use it to refer to all our lecturers. And as a collective noun, it can be used with either a singular or a plural verb (OED). A lecturer is a member of the faculty or a faculty member<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">faculty-in-development | We use this to refer to all the persons on this programme collectively. A person can be a member of our faculty-in-development or a faculty-in-development member, not a faculty-in-development<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">full stop | The mark used at the end of a sentence to emphasise that there is nothing more to say about a subject? It&#8217;s the full stop. Prefer this over period. Unless it&#8217;s for effect, eg, <\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">The mark used to end a sentence is called the full stop. This is the end of the discussion. Period<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">himself or herself | Themself can be used as a gender neutral substitute for <em>himself<\/em> or <em>herself <\/em>(third person singular). Sounds awkward but <em>themself<\/em> is recognised in the OED so use it if you need a gender neutral reflexive pronoun<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">hyperrealism or hyperrealistic | One word, without hyphens<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Inter-College Games (ICG), not Inter-Collegiate Games<br \/>\nThese are some of the games played at the ICG:<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Bible quiz, captain&#8217;s ball, dodgeball, frisbee, futsal, international chess and Chinese chess, and soccer<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">And these are our usual competitors:<\/span><br \/>\nBaptist Theological College (BTC), Discipleship Training Centre (DTC), East Asia School of Theology (EAST), Singapore Bible College (SBC)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">got | The past participle of get is got, not gotten\u2014an American usage which is best forgotten<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Governing Churches | Note the upper-case <em>G<\/em> and <em>C<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Great Commission | The Great Commission<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">grey, not gray<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">first come, first served | No hyphens. Eg, <em><span class=\" one-click-content\" data-no-definition=\"[&quot;lsquotickets&quot;,&quot;basisrsquo&quot;]\" data-behaviour=\"ga-event-one-click\" data-linkid=\"nn1ov4\" data-value=\"Lexical data - en-gb\" data-term=\"served\">tickets are available on a first come, first served basis<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">hard copy, not hardcopy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">ie, | End the abbreviation of <em>id est<\/em> with a comma; no full stop needed<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">internet | The internet (no capitalisation)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">laity | All the members of a church who are not clergy are its laity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">layperson | It&#8217;s a single word, but it&#8217;s two words for a member of the laity chosen as a leader, a lay leader \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">live stream | A live stream (noun) is live-streamed (verb)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">live-streamed | A live stream (noun) is live-streamed (verb)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">long-standing | hyphenated<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">multipurpose hall | It&#8217;s a multipurpose hall or multipurpose hall; never a multi-purpose hall <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">normality | Use normality, an older word, instead of normalcy which is more popular in the USA and with a certain local broadsheet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">phone | Prefer mobile phone over cell phone (American) or handphone (Southeast Asian)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">office holders, not officeholders<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Pastor | Abbreviate to Ps<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Pastor-in-Charge | Abbreviate to PiC. Note that \u201cin\u201d is lowercase<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">per cent, not percent or %<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">period | The mark used at the end of a sentence to emphasise that there is nothing more to say about a subject? Prefer full stop. Unless it&#8217;s for effect, eg,<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">The mark used to end a sentence is called the full stop. This is the end of the discussion. Period<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Presbyterian Church in Singapore, The | We use The Presbyterian Church in Singapore instead of The Presbyterian Church of Singapore<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Principal | Our Principal, the Principal, or Rev Dr Tay after the first full mention<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">programme | TTC runs programmes (planned series of future events training, etc) but our computers run programs (software)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><em>QiCheng<\/em> | Note how the name of TTC&#8217;s Chinese lay training initiative should be. Note also that as it is in a non-English language, it should be italicised<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Q&amp;A\u00a0 | For this dialogue or session consisting of alternating questions and answers, there is no need for caps or hyphens in the long form, a question and answer session<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">real time, not real-time<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Reverend | Abbreviate to Rev, not Revd<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">think tank | Two words without a hyphen\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Trumpet, insert \u201cthe\u201d before the name of our college magazine, as in the Trumpet<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Trinity Anthem | Our college anthem, composed by Rev Dr F Olin Stockwell and his wife, Mrs Esther B Stockwell, is formally called the Trinity Anthem, not the Trinity Theological College anthem or the TTC anthem<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">24\/7 | Something always available; twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, or running all the time<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">video cameras, not videocameras<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">web page | There are web pages on our website<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Wi-Fi | A facility allowing computers, smartphones, or other devices to connect to the internet or communicate with one another wirelessly within a particular area<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">world view | Two words<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><em>updated 260326<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/reference\/trumpet-reference\/styleguide\/\">Back to the style guide<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Glossary for the Trumpet &amp; | The ampersand (&amp;) is generally used in informal contexts or in specific instances such as company names or titles (eg, \u201cJohnson &amp; Johnson), abbreviations (eg, \u201cR&amp;D\u201d), certain expressions, titles, or citations (eg, \u201cRomeo &amp; Juliet\u201d). In formal writing, \u201cand\u201d is preferred over the ampersand air conditioning | Two words [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trumpet-reference","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Glossary - Trinity Theological College<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/reference\/trumpet-reference\/glossary\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Glossary - Trinity Theological College\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Glossary for the Trumpet &amp; | The ampersand (&amp;) is generally used in informal contexts or in specific instances such as company names or titles (eg, \u201cJohnson &amp; Johnson), abbreviations (eg, \u201cR&amp;D\u201d), certain expressions, titles, or citations (eg, \u201cRomeo &amp; Juliet\u201d). 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