{"id":39000,"date":"2022-03-22T14:21:23","date_gmt":"2022-03-22T06:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/?p=39000"},"modified":"2026-05-14T08:14:06","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T00:14:06","slug":"styleguide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/reference\/trumpet-reference\/styleguide\/","title":{"rendered":"TRUMPET STYLE GUIDE"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-41273 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/trumpetstyle-230420a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/trumpetstyle-230420a.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/trumpetstyle-230420a-300x164.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/trumpetstyle-230420a-768x421.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>TTC TRUMPET STYLE GUIDE <\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">A style guide is a critical tool for writers, editors, and proofreaders to use for ensuring consistency in the Trumpet. It\u2019s also a good thing for writers, saving their time spent waffling about expression. Our style guide will help to keep everyone on the same page, save time scrolling back to look up details while writing, and can reduce proofreading stress. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The English language is dynamic and ever growing; certainly not <em>lepak<\/em> (this piece of Singlish is in the OED, okay). So, while we aim to be correct and work to be consistent, we are cognisant that we need to stay aware and be prepared to adapt our use of the language to new norms.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Here are some guidelines to making our Trumpet more consistent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">There are three parts:<br \/>\n1. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">This style guide itself,<br \/>\n2. <\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">A glossary of words and phrases <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/reference\/trumpet-reference\/glossary\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>,<\/strong><\/span>\u00a0and<br \/>\n3. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Turabian style abbreviations of the books in the Bible <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/reference\/turabian-abbreviations\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/span><\/a>.<br \/>\nUse the abbreviated book name when it&#8217;s a scriptural citation after quoting a verse but cite the book in full if it&#8217;s in the body of the article<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Abbreviations and acronyms<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Cite abbreviations in upper case, eg, WHO (World Health Organization), except for acronyms.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Capitalise acronyms, ie, abbreviations that are pronounced words, eg, Covid-19.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">No full stop after an abbreviation, eg, etc (for <em>et cetera<\/em>), unless it occurs at the end of a sentence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Write words in their full form on first appearance. After the first mention, use just the abbreviation, eg,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Trinity Theological College (TTC), and after that, TTC.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Books of the Bible<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">For a book in the Bible, eg, Hebrews or Matthew, spell out the full name\u2015do not italicise.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">For verses, abbreviate the book according to the Turabian style\u2014click <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/reference\/turabian-abbreviations\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/span><\/a> for the list.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Captions<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">For a caption that is a complete sentence, end it with a full stop.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Omit the full stop for a sentence fragment, eg<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">The front of the sanctuary<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Dr Adam Mano (left) and Dr Ang Meng (right)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Citations<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Avoid citations (and footnotes) for more fluent reading. Incorporate all necessary information into the body of your article.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dates<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Use d mmm yyyy for a date, eg, 25 Dec 2022, or<br \/>\nddd d mmm yyyy, eg, Sun 25 Dec 2022, and<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">mmm yyyy for a month in a year, eg, Dec 2022.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Avoid date formats like 01 February 2022, 01 Feb 2022, 1 Feb \u201922, 1<sup>st<\/sup> February 2022, Feb 1<sup>st<\/sup>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">For historical dates, we stick to the abbreviations for <em>Anno Domini<\/em> and Before Christ, eg,<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">AD325 and 325BC\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Dashes<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Use the en dash as punctuation (no space before or after) between figures to show a range, eg,<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">1939\u201345, or<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">The <em>bak chor mee<\/em> stall is open 6am\u20136pm, or<br \/>\npp 101\u2013108.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Use the em dash (no space before or after) to introduce an explanation, amplification, paraphrase, particularisation or correction of what immediately precedes it. Use it to gather up the subject of a long sentence. Use it to introduce a paradoxical or whimsical ending to a sentence.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">[TIP] To get an en dash \u2013<br \/>\nor em dash \u2014<br \/>\ncopy it from here and paste it into your document. Or, get the keyboard shortcuts <a href=\"https:\/\/zapier.com\/blog\/em-dash-on-keyboard\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/span><\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Denominations and heads of denominations <\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Note how these denominations are named. Note too that the definite article \u201cThe\u201d with the upper case \u201cT\u201d, not \u201cthe\u201d, is a part of some denomination names.<br \/>\nthe Lutheran Church in Singapore | \u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4e49\u4f1a\u4f1a\u7763<strong><br \/>\nThe<\/strong> Diocese of Singapore | \u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u6559\u533a<br \/>\n<strong>The\u00a0<\/strong>Methodist Church in Singapore | \u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u4f1a\u7763<br \/>\n<strong>The<\/strong> Presbyterian Church in Singapore | \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u4f1a\u6b63<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Note that the honorifics used for the heads of denominations if they are cited with their office (usually in the next line) <strong>may<\/strong> be different from their usual honorifics, eg,<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">It&#8217;s <strong>Bishop<\/strong> Iam Deebishuhp but<br \/>\n<strong>Rev<\/strong> Iam Deebishuhp<br \/>\nBishop, The Methodist Church in Singapore<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c<br \/>\nMost Rev Dr Titus Chung | \u7ae0\u5251\u6587\u5927\u4e3b\u6559 (\u535a\u58eb)<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Archbishop, the Province of the Anglican Church in South East Asia | \u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6559\u7701\u5927\u4e3b\u6559<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Bishop, The Diocese of Singapore | \u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5723\u516c\u4f1a\u6559\u533a\u4e3b\u6559<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Otherwise, Archbishop Dr Titus Chung or Archbishop Dr Chung | \u7ae0\u5251\u6587\u5927\u4e3b\u6559 (\u535a\u58eb) or \u7ae0\u5927\u4e3b\u6559 (\u535a\u58eb) <\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Rev Philip Lim\u00a0 | \u6797\u5efa\u9686\u7267\u5e08<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Bishop, The Methodist Church in Singapore | \u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u536b\u7406\u516c\u4f1a\u4f1a\u7763<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>\nOtherwise, Bishop Philip Lim or Bishop Lim | \u6797\u5efa\u9686\u4f1a\u7763 or \u6797\u4f1a\u7763<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n\u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u205c<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Rt Rev Anthony Loh Kah Choon | \u7f57\u5609\u4fca\u4f1a\u7763<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Bishop, the Lutheran Church in Singapore | \u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4e49\u4f1a\u4f1a\u7763<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Otherwise, Bishop Anthony Loh Kah Choon or Bishop Loh | \u7f57\u5609\u4fca\u4f1a\u7763 or \u5362\u4f1a\u7f57<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">\u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Rt Rev Dr Caleb Soo Lee Chong | \u82cf\u7acb\u5fe0\u7267\u5e08\uff08\u535a\u58eb\uff09<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Synod Moderator, The Presbyterian Church in Singapore | \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u4f1a\u6b63<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><br \/>\n\u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Bishop Emeritus Dr\u00a0<span class=\"highlight\">Robert<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"highlight\">Solomon on the first mention, subsequently, BE Dr Robert Solomon or BE Dr Solomon<br \/>\nBishop Emeritus Dr Wee Boon Hup on the first mention, subsequently, BE Dr Wee Boon Hup or BE Dr Wee<br \/>\nBishop Emeritus Dr Chong Chin Chung on the first mention, subsequently, BE Dr Chong Chin Chung or BE Dr Chong<br \/>\nBishop Emeritus Dr Gordon Wong on the first mention, subsequently, BE Dr Gordon Wong or BE Dr Wong<br \/>\n\u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c \u205c <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Ellipsis\u2026<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">When you use ellipses (no space before or after) in omissions from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous, add a full stop at end after an ellipsis if it is for a complete sentence, eg, \u2026.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Emphasis<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Use italics alone for emphasis. Do not use bold or underlining or a combination of these formats.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Eg, We should oppose such a development with <em>any legal means possible.<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Footnotes<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Avoid footnotes (and citations) for more fluent reading. Incorporate all necessary information into the body of your article.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Greek and Hebrew<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Transliterate and italicise Greek and Hebrew words. Also italicise words in other non-English languages, eg, German, French and Latin.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Lists<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">If you have a collection of items or ideas, list them for easier reading.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Prefer bullet points unless the order is important, then number simply, eg,<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">1. Alpha<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">2. Beta<br \/>\n3. Gamma<\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Capitalise each bullet point. <\/span>If your bullet points are full sentences, end each with a period. If they are not, skip the period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">There&#8217;s no need for an &#8220;and&#8221; at the end of the second to last point. Keep it simple.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Obliques or slashes<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Except in fractions, avoid using this between alternatives, eg,<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">and\/or<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">still\/sparkling\/tap.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Pick either <em>and<\/em> or\u00a0<em>or<\/em>, and write lists the usual way, eg,<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">still, sparkling or tap.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Names, honorifics, and abbreviations<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">No full stops, eg,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Rev Dr Edwin Tay, not Rev. Dr. Edwin Tay<br \/>\nDTh, not D. Th<br \/>\nPhD, not Ph. D<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Mr Mistoffelees, not Mr. Mistoffelees.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Cite a current student\u2019s name like this: Mr Gilbert Lok, MDiv 3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Cite an alumnus\u2019 name like this: Ps Daniel Lee Kong Leong (BD 2015).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Cite in full at the first mention in the article, eg,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Rev Dr Edwin Tay<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">and just the honorific and surname in subsequent mentions, eg,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Rev Dr Tay.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Numbers<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Spell out whole number words for one to ten; use figures for numbers above ten.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Numbering in articles<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Should you need to number questions, main points, etc in your article, choose a simple, clean 1. 2. 3.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Consider using bullets to list as an alternative to numbers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Pull quotes<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">There&#8217;s no need to enclose your suggested pull quote in quotation marks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Should you choose to start your pull quote mid-sentence, use an ellipsis (\u2026) with no space before your quote.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Should you end your pull quote mid-sentence, end with an ellipsis.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Punctuation<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">No space before and just one space after punctuation marks except for dashes (no space before or after).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Abhor double spaces after a full stop\u2013respect the design of the typographer.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Quotation marks<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Use double quotation marks, eg, for direct speech, quotes, Bible verses, poems, names of articles, names of short stories, chapter titles, or to highlight a word or phrase.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Use single quotation marks for a quote within a quote.<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Eg, \u201cWhen I say \u2018immediately,\u2019 I mean some time before August,\u201d said the manager.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Place the comma or full stop <strong>outside<\/strong> the quotation marks for <strong>incomplete<\/strong> sentences, phrases and words. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">But if the punctuation comes at the end of a <strong>complete<\/strong> sentence, put the punctuation <strong>inside<\/strong> the quotation marks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Omi<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">t the period inside the quotation\u2014even though the quoted text is a complete sentence\u2014if it&#8217;s followed by a parenthetical citation,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Eg, \u201c&#8230;I remember you upon my bed and meditate on you in the watches of the night\u201d (Psalm 63:5\u20136).<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">The exception to this punctuation omission is when the quote ends with a question mark or exclamation point that\u2019s part of the original,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">Eg, He yelled, \u201cThis changes everything!\u201d (Klein, 2014).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Prefer the typographer\u2019s or curly apostrophe (\u2019) and quotes (\u2018\u2019 \u201c\u201d) over straight or vertical quotes which are a legacy from the days of typewriters. They just look smarter and more professional.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">References to God and Jesus<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">No capitalisation for the pronouns of God and Jesus, eg,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">God has always used people for the advancement of <strong>his<\/strong> kingdom.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">For the possessive of Jesus, a single apostrophe is suggested, as in:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">King Herod heard of it, for <strong>Jesus&#8217;<\/strong> name had become known. Some said, \u201cJohn the Baptist has been raised from the dead. That is why these miraculous powers are at work in him.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Mark 6:14 (ESV)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Spelling<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">We prefer British spelling. Use as a reference, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Oxford Dictionary<\/span><\/strong><\/a>. Pick the English spelling, not the American English one.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">The exception to this rule is what are direct quotations or titles. For these, use the exact words.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Subheads and article titles<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Do suggest subheads for your article if it is long.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Instead of putting a subhead or your article title in all upper case or in sentence case, consider title case, ie, capitalising it as you would the title of a hymn, eg, <em>Christ the Lord is Risen Today<\/em>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/style-grammar-guidelines\/capitalization\/title-case\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Here<\/strong><\/span><\/a> is a title case reference and one from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Title_case\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikipedia<\/span><\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Time<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Use a full stop instead of a colon with no space before am and pm, eg,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">8am, 6.30pm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">For a time range, use the en dash (no space before or after), eg,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">11.30am\u20133.30pm,<br \/>\n11am\u2013noon, or<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">10am\u20132pm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">If it\u2019s eight o\u2019clock at night, write it as just 8am.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Leave out the minutes unless they are part of a range where the minutes are needed, eg,<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">11.00am\u20133.30pm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Avoid these formats: 7:30 \u2013 9pm; 1300pm; 1800 hours, 2200<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">For neatness, if it is just one mention in your article, match the minutes in the period, eg, 2pm\u20133pm, 2.30pm-3.00pm, otherwise, use h.mmam\/pm<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Note that it is just noon or midnight, not 12pm or 12am, eg, 10am to noon, 10pm to midnight.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Titles of books, magazines, etc<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Put the titles of books, magazines and newspapers in italics, eg, <em>The Economist, The Straits Times<\/em> (note that the article is part of the names of these publications).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Titles of books that form a larger body of work may be put in quotation marks if the name of the book series is italicised.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">In general, italicise the titles of long works, such as books, movies, or record albums. <\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Use double quotation marks for the titles of shorter pieces of work: poems, articles, book chapters, songs, and TV shows.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Cite just the author\u2019s name and, in italics, the title. There is no need to add the year unless it is essential for clarity.<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;\">eg, Jerome Karabel\u2019s <em>The Chosen<\/em>;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;\">James Oldfield mentions in his article \u201cJust Theology\u201d that\u2026<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 12pt;\">Don\u2019t italicise long quotations. Indent if appropriate.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">Trinity Theological College\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">What do we describe ourselves? Between a school and a college, pick college. No caps.<br \/>\nCite in full at the first mention in the article. Do not abbreviate the college name in brackets thereafter.<br \/>\nUse TTC after that.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: georgia, palatino, serif; font-size: 8pt;\"><strong><em>updated 260514<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; TTC TRUMPET STYLE GUIDE A style guide is a critical tool for writers, editors, and proofreaders to use for ensuring consistency in the Trumpet. It\u2019s also a good thing for writers, saving their time spent waffling about expression. Our style guide will help to keep everyone on the same page, save time scrolling back [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-trumpet-reference","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TRUMPET STYLE GUIDE - Trinity Theological College<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ttc.edu.sg\/english\/reference\/trumpet-reference\/styleguide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TRUMPET STYLE GUIDE - Trinity Theological College\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; TTC TRUMPET STYLE GUIDE A style guide is a critical tool for writers, editors, and proofreaders to use for ensuring consistency in the Trumpet. 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